24/7 325-480-8100 Schedule Consultation

If federal agents have contacted you, your practice received a subpoena, or you learned that Medicare or Medicaid flagged your billing for audit, you need to understand what is happening before you say or sign anything else. In cases centered on federal program billing, speaking with experienced Medicare fraud defense lawyer early can make a major difference.Healthcare fraud investigations move fast, involve multiple federal agencies, and can turn a billing dispute into a criminal case within months.

Our firm defends physicians, practice owners, billing companies, and healthcare executives against federal fraud allegations nationwide. We built our practice around former federal prosecutors and a retired federal judge who understand exactly how the government builds these cases — because they built and presided over cases like them.

If you are already under investigation, do not wait for charges to be filed before getting legal representation. Contact our office today for a confidential case review.

What Counts as Healthcare Fraud Under Federal Law

Healthcare fraud is not one single crime. It is a category of federal offenses built around how a provider bills, refers, or documents care paid for by government or private health programs.

Most federal cases rely on a handful of statutes. Knowing which one the government is using against you changes the entire defense strategy.

If your case is being investigated or charged in the Southern District of Texas, our Houston healthcare fraud defense lawyers can help you understand the statute, the exposure, and the defense options that may apply.

The Federal Health Care Fraud Statute — 18 U.S.C. § 1347

The core federal statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1347, makes it a crime to knowingly and willfully execute, or attempt to execute, a scheme to defraud a health care benefit program or to obtain money from one through false or fraudulent pretenses.

The government does not need to prove you knew you were breaking this specific law. Prosecutors only need to show you knowingly submitted false information to get paid.

Penalties under this statute can reach 10 years in federal prison per count. That exposure increases to 20 years if the fraud is connected to serious bodily injury, and up to life if a patient’s death is involved.

The Anti-Kickback Statute, Stark Law, and False Claims Act

Three other federal frameworks come up constantly in healthcare fraud cases:

  • The Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) makes it a felony to knowingly pay, offer, solicit, or receive anything of value in exchange for referrals reimbursable by federal healthcare programs. Each violation can carry up to 10 years in prison and fines up to $100,000.
  • The Stark Law (Physician Self-Referral Law) bars physicians from referring patients for certain designated health services to entities in which the physician or an immediate family member has a financial interest. Stark is a strict liability law — the government does not have to prove you intended to violate it.
  • The False Claims Act (FCA) creates civil liability for knowingly submitting false claims to federal programs.If your case involves qui tam allegations or billing disputes under this statute, experienced False Claims Act defense lawyers can help you respond strategically. It also allows private whistleblowers (“relators”) to file qui tam lawsuits on the government’s behalf, which is how many healthcare fraud investigations begin in the first place.

These laws overlap constantly. A single billing arrangement can trigger scrutiny under all three at once.

Who Gets Investigated for Healthcare Fraud

Federal healthcare fraud investigations are not limited to hospital administrators or large corporations. We regularly work with:

  • Physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants
  • Medical billers, coders, and office managers
  • Pharmacists and pharmacy owners
  • Hospital and clinic executives
  • Home health and hospice agency owners and operators
  • Durable medical equipment (DME) suppliers
  • Laboratory owners and marketers
  • Practice consultants and billing companies that serve providers

Investigators often start with the person who submitted the claim, but the case can expand quickly to owners, supervisors, and anyone who signed a certification, even if they never personally billed a claim.

Common Healthcare Fraud Allegations We See

Federal agents and auditors tend to build cases around a recognizable set of patterns:

  • Upcoding — billing for a more expensive service or higher level of care than what was actually provided.
  • Billing for services not rendered — sometimes called “phantom billing,” where claims are submitted for care that never happened.
  • Unbundling — separately billing procedures that should be billed together at a lower combined rate.
  • Medically unnecessary services — ordering tests, equipment, or procedures without a legitimate clinical basis, often flagged through billing-pattern analytics.
  • Kickbacks for referrals — paying or accepting money, free rent, consulting fees, or other benefits in exchange for patient referrals.
  • Certification fraud — signing home health or hospice certifications for patients who do not qualify for that level of care.
  • Identity-related billing — billing under a deceased or ineligible patient’s information, or using a provider’s National Provider Identifier (NPI) without their knowledge.

Not every one of these allegations reflects actual fraud. Coding errors, documentation gaps, and outdated compliance training cause many of the same red flags that fraud does.

Civil vs. Criminal Healthcare Fraud Liability

One of the most important distinctions in any healthcare fraud matter is whether the government is pursuing civil or criminal liability — or both at the same time.

Civil healthcare fraud exposure typically involves:

  • False Claims Act liability, including treble (triple) damages plus per-claim penalties
  • Repayment demands for improperly billed claims
  • Exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid, and other federal healthcare programs
  • Loss of billing privileges or professional licensure referrals


Criminal healthcare fraud exposure typically involves:

  • Charges under 18 U.S.C. § 1347, the Anti-Kickback Statute, or related federal statutes
  • Grand jury proceedings and potential indictment
  • Federal prison exposure, fines, and a permanent criminal record
  • Asset forfeiture in cases involving significant alleged proceeds

A case can start on the civil side and shift toward criminal exposure depending on what investigators find, or run on both tracks simultaneously. That is especially true in cases involving government program billing, where  Medicaid fraud defense lawyers may be needed to address both civil and criminal exposure. Early legal involvement may help influence which direction a case takes, depending on the facts.

Healthcare Fraud Liability · Two Separate Tracks

Civil exposure and criminal exposure are different problems — and they can run at the same time.

Civil & Administrative Track

Civil and administrative consequences most billing disputes reach first.

Often where a case begins — but not always where it ends.
  • FCA
    False Claims Act Liability
    Treble (triple) damages on every improperly billed claim, plus per-claim civil penalties — currently up to $27,894 per false claim submitted
  • $$
    Repayment Demands
    Medicare or Medicaid repayment demands for improperly billed claims, sometimes covering years of billing history
  • ⊘
    Program Exclusion
    Exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid, and all federal healthcare programs — effectively ending the ability to bill for federally insured patients
  • Lic
    Licensure Referrals
    Mandatory referral to state medical, pharmacy, or nursing boards — which can open a separate disciplinary proceeding independent of the federal case
  • CIA
    Corporate Integrity Agreement
    Years of compliance monitoring, reporting requirements, and government oversight as a condition of settlement — imposed even when no criminal charges are filed
Criminal Track

Criminal exposure when investigators find evidence of knowing and willful conduct.

The same billing pattern that triggers a civil audit can support a criminal indictment.
  • §
    Federal Indictment
    Charges under 18 U.S.C. § 1347 carry up to 10 years per count — rising to 20 years if serious bodily injury is involved, and up to life if a patient died
  • AKS
    Anti-Kickback Charges
    Each Anti-Kickback Statute violation carries up to 10 years and fines of up to $100,000 — and counts can multiply across individual referral arrangements
  • GJ
    Grand Jury Proceedings
    Federal prosecutors can use a grand jury to subpoena records, compel witness testimony, and build a case file — often for months before a target is notified
  • AF
    Asset Forfeiture
    Criminal referrals open the door to forfeiture of practice accounts, personal assets, and real property connected to alleged proceeds of the scheme
  • CR
    Permanent Criminal Record
    A federal conviction means a permanent record, federal prison time, and collateral consequences that can extend beyond the sentence itself
Key Risk
A case can start on the civil side and shift toward criminal exposure depending on what investigators find — or run on both tracks simultaneously. Early legal involvement may influence which direction a case takes.
Keith & Lorfing · West Texas Tough™
General overview only. Exposure in any specific matter depends on the facts and applicable law.

How a Healthcare Fraud Investigation Typically Unfolds

Understanding the stages of a federal healthcare fraud investigation helps explain why the earliest moves in your case matter so much.

  1. Data analytics and audit trigger. CMS, HHS-OIG, and private payers use billing-pattern software to flag statistical outliers — providers billing more than peers for the same codes, unusual referral patterns, or spikes in specific procedures.
  2. Administrative audit or payment suspension. A Medicare Administrative Contractor or program integrity contractor may request records, conduct a probe audit, or suspend payments pending review.
  3. Civil investigative demand or subpoena. The Department of Justice, HHS-OIG, or FBI may issue a subpoena or civil investigative demand for records, emails, and billing data.
  4. Agent interviews. FBI, HHS-OIG, or DEA agents may attempt to interview the provider, staff, or former employees, often without advance notice.When controlled-substance records or prescribing practices are part of the inquiry, experienced DEA audit defense attorneys can help protect your position before the matter escalates.
  5. Search warrant execution. In more serious cases, agents may execute a search warrant at a practice, home, or business office, seizing records, computers, and files.
  6. Grand jury proceedings. Prosecutors present evidence to a federal grand jury, which can issue subpoenas for witnesses and documents.
  7. Indictment or civil settlement. The case resolves through an indictment and criminal prosecution, a civil settlement, a corporate integrity agreement, or, in some cases, a declination.


Why investigations start earlier than they used to. DOJ has shifted from whistleblower-driven fraud cases toward data-first detection. Billing patterns across thousands of providers are scanned automatically for statistical outliers. A provider does not need an angry employee to trigger a review anymore — a billing profile that looks different from peers, in utilization modifiers or reimbursement per patient, can be enough on its own.

Russell Lorfing saw this pattern from the other side of the table. As a former federal prosecutor, the healthcare fraud cases that crossed his desk — upcoding, medically unnecessary services, billing that became more aggressive over time — most often got caught because the billing data started standing out. In this space, you don’t want to be an outlier. His view: most of these schemes could have been prevented with a regular internal audit, done at least once a year.

Hypothetical Example: A hospice agency owner receives a letter noting that Medicare has suspended payments pending a review of hospice eligibility certifications. Weeks later, two HHS-OIG agents appear at the office asking to speak with the intake coordinator. This pattern — audit, payment suspension, then agent contact — is a common early sequence in hospice and home health fraud investigations.

This is the stage where a defense attorney can have the most influence on the outcome. If you have received any subpoena, audit notice, or investigator contact, reach out before responding on your own.

Common Mistakes Providers Make When Investigators Show Up

We regularly see the same errors compound a provider’s exposure:

  • Talking to agents without counsel present, believing that being cooperative and honest is enough protection on its own.
  • Altering, deleting, or “cleaning up” records after learning of an investigation — this can create separate obstruction charges.
  • Continuing the same billing practices during an active audit or investigation without a compliance review.
  • Assuming a civil audit will stay civil, and failing to prepare for the possibility that criminal investigators are already involved.
  • Waiting for formal charges before hiring an attorney, which eliminates the chance to shape the investigation while it is still developing.
  • Discussing the investigation with coworkers or staff in ways that could be viewed as witness coordination.


Two of these mistakes stand out because they close off options that would otherwise still be on the table. The first is destroying or altering records once you sense a problem. That does not make the underlying billing issue disappear — it creates a second, often easier problem for the government to prove: obstruction.

Prosecutors can show what existed, what was removed, and when it happened. The second is doing nothing. While a provider waits and hopes an issue resolves itself, investigators are often already reviewing bank records and billing data, and talking to current or former staff.

By the time it feels real, the case may be much further along than it appears from the outside. Preserved evidence, produced strategically through counsel, can work in your favor — it is often one of the few real advantages a provider has.

None of these mistakes are unusual — they are natural reactions for someone who has never dealt with a federal investigation. That is exactly why early legal guidance matters.

What To Do If You Believe You Are Already Under Investigation

If you have reason to believe federal investigators are looking at your billing practices, referral arrangements, or a former employee’s complaint, waiting rarely helps. Here is where we would start:

  1. Hire experienced federal fraud counsel immediately — before a subpoena or agents arrive, not after. Early legal advice helps clarify your actual exposure and how the government is likely to view the facts.
  2. Preserve everything. Emails, billing records, and internal communications — all of it. Do not delete or “clean up” anything. Disappearing evidence risks a separate obstruction charge that can be easier for the government to prove than the underlying billing issue.
  3. Get a real assessment of self-disclosure timing. Under current Department of Justice policy, coming forward before the government finds the issue on its own can open options that disappear once you are reacting instead of deciding.
  4. Route all government contact through counsel. Do not try to explain your side directly to an agent or investigator. Any cooperation or resolution needs to be clearly defined and documented, not based on informal assurances.
  5. Understand that investigations build quietly. Agents may already be reviewing bank records and billing data, and interviewing current or former staff, well before you are contacted directly.

 

Healthcare Fraud Investigation · Respond Correctly

The decisions made in the first days of an investigation shape everything that follows.

Do This Immediately

Five actions to take the moment you sense an investigation.

The investigation stage is your best window. Every day matters.
  • Hire experienced federal fraud counsel immediately — before a subpoena or agents arrive, not after. Early counsel clarifies exposure and shapes how the government views the facts
  • Preserve every record exactly as-is. Emails, billing data, internal communications — do not delete, alter, or “clean up” anything. Destroyed evidence creates an obstruction problem on top of the original issue
  • Assess self-disclosure timing with your attorney. Coming forward before the government finds the issue on its own can open options that disappear once you are reacting instead of deciding
  • Route all government contact through counsel. Do not explain your side directly to an investigator — any cooperation must be clearly defined and documented, not based on informal assurances
  • Conduct an internal compliance review under privilege. Know what the government will find before it finds it — and understand your actual billing exposure before anyone else defines it for you
Mistakes That Compound Exposure

Six mistakes providers make that cost them leverage they didn't need to lose.

Each is avoidable. Each is common.
  • Talking to agents without counsel — believing that cooperation and honesty alone are protection. Federal investigators are trained interviewers; a “helpful” conversation can create statements that are hard to walk back
  • Altering or deleting records after learning of an investigation. This creates a separate obstruction charge — and one that is often easier for the government to prove than the underlying billing issue
  • Continuing the same billing practices during an active audit without a compliance review. The ongoing conduct compounds what investigators are already building a case around
  • Assuming a civil audit will stay civil. Criminal investigators may already be involved when a billing audit is underway — the two tracks are not mutually exclusive
  • Waiting for formal charges before hiring a lawyer. This eliminates the chance to shape the investigation while it is still developing — the most valuable window is before charges are filed
  • Discussing the investigation with coworkers or staff — even well-intentioned conversations can be characterized as witness coordination by investigators
Keith & Lorfing · West Texas Tough™
General guidance only. Consult qualified federal defense counsel before responding to any investigation.

This timing question matters more than most providers realize. The Department of Justice has also shifted its focus toward pursuing individuals — physicians, executives, and decision-makers — rather than settling only with the practice or company. Voluntary self-disclosure, made early and strategically, is not about beating a deadline. It is about deciding how your case unfolds instead of reacting once the government has already built its file.

How Federal Sentencing Works in a Healthcare Fraud Case

Most healthcare fraud discussions online stop at “up to 10 years in prison.” That number is a ceiling, not a forecast. Actual federal sentences are calculated under the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, and healthcare fraud is sentenced under the general fraud guideline, USSG §2B1.1. Understanding how that guideline actually works is often more useful than knowing the statutory maximum.

Fraud Starts Low and Can Climb Fast

Federal fraud sentencing starts at a base offense level of 7 — relatively minor on its own. From there, the court applies “specific offense characteristics” that add levels on top of that base:

  • Loss amount adds levels on a sliding scale as the dollar amount goes up.
  • 10 or more victims adds 2 levels; 50 or more victims adds 4.
  • Sophisticated means adds 2 levels.
  • Misrepresenting that you were acting on behalf of a charitable, religious, educational, or government entity adds 2 levels.

These add up quickly. A case that looks minor at a base level of 7 can climb into the mid-20s once enhancements stack, and the difference between offense levels is not academic. It is often the difference between a short sentence and years in federal prison.

Loss Amount Is the Central Number — and It Is Negotiable

Loss amount usually does more to set your sentence than any other single factor. The guidelines also distinguish between actual loss (what was really lost) and intended loss (what the government argues you were trying to take). Prosecutors can pursue the higher intended-loss figure even when a scheme was only partially successful, or failed for reasons that had nothing to do with the provider’s own actions.

The government’s loss number is not handed down from on high. It is a calculation built on assumptions, and it can be challenged. Common angles include:

  • Credits against loss — subtracting the value of legitimate services actually provided.
  • Double counting — checking whether the same dollar amount is being counted against more than one alleged victim or claim.
  • Speculative intended loss — challenging whether a large claimed loss figure was ever realistically achievable.

Reducing a loss calculation by even $50,000 can mean years of difference in sentencing exposure. This is often where fraud cases are actually won or lost — not at trial, but in the math behind the loss figure.

Victim Counts Can Move the Number Without Moving the Facts

If a case involves 10 or more victims, the offense level goes up. If it involves 50 or more, it goes up again. The guidelines define “victim” broadly enough that anyone temporarily affected by a billing scheme can end up on the list.

That makes the victim list itself worth scrutinizing. We look for duplicate entries, patients or payers who were already made whole, and losses that were actually caused by something other than the conduct at issue.

The “Sophisticated Means” Enhancement Is Easier to Trigger Than It Sounds

“Sophisticated means” sounds like it should require an elaborate scheme. In practice, courts applying this enhancement have found far more ordinary conduct sufficient — for example, moving money between multiple accounts to mask where it came from can be enough to trigger it, even without any technical or digital complexity involved.

Defense strategies against this enhancement include:

  • Showing that separate accounts or entities served a legitimate business or tax purpose.
  • Showing the conduct was simple and repetitive rather than layered or concealed.
  • Arguing proportionality — that the conduct, compared to genuinely complex fraud schemes, does not warrant the enhancement.

A Hypothetical Example of How the Math Works

The following is a hypothetical illustration only — not a real case or client result.

Imagine a provider is alleged to have submitted $300,000 in fraudulent billing to a federal health care program. Fraud sentencing starts at a base offense level of 7. A $300,000 loss could add roughly 12 levels under the guidelines. If prosecutors also allege the billing involved a falsified provider identity or credential (adding 2 levels) and sophisticated means (adding another 2 levels), the offense level could reach 23 — a guideline range of roughly 46 to 57 months at Criminal History Category I.

Challenging just the sophisticated-means enhancement, combined with acceptance of responsibility, could bring that same hypothetical down to roughly level 18 or 19 — a meaningful reduction in exposure. This is why we describe sentencing defense as litigating the math, not just negotiating a plea.

How Our Healthcare Fraud Defense Attorneys Help at Every Stage

During an audit or early investigation, our attorneys review the billing patterns at issue, communicate with auditors and investigators on your behalf, and work to keep a documentation dispute from escalating into a criminal referral.

After a subpoena or civil investigative demand, we manage document production, assert applicable privileges, and make sure responses do not create new exposure.

Before and during agent interviews, we advise clients on their rights, including the right to have counsel present, and help prevent voluntary statements from being used against them later.

If a search warrant is executed, we move quickly to understand the scope of the warrant, protect privileged materials, and begin building a defense record in real time.

During grand jury proceedings, we prepare witnesses, respond to subpoenas, and evaluate whether pre-indictment negotiations with prosecutors may be possible.

If charges are filed, we build a defense strategy around the specific statute alleged — 18 U.S.C. § 1347, the Anti-Kickback Statute, Stark Law, or the False Claims Act — and represent clients through negotiation, trial, or sentencing.

On the civil side, we work to resolve False Claims Act exposure, program exclusion issues, and repayment demands in a way that protects a provider’s ability to keep practicing, depending on the facts of the case.

Backed by Former Federal Prosecutors and a Retired Federal Judge

Federal healthcare fraud cases are investigated and prosecuted by the same agencies our attorneys once worked inside.

Our broader team includes former federal prosecutors, former federal public defenders, former FBI agents, former IRS criminal investigators, and a retired federal judge — people who have seen healthcare fraud investigations built from the government’s side as well as defended from ours. We have worked with healthcare organizations and physicians to review billing practices, strengthen compliance systems, and engage strategically with investigators when concerns arose over billing discrepancies or regulatory scrutiny.

Russell Lorfing, Managing Partner, is a former Assistant U.S. Attorney who prosecuted federal cases and led a human trafficking task force on Saipan. The U.S. Attorney’s Office designated him a Cyber Hacking Intellectual Property Prosecutor in 2017, and he has trained federal agents and prosecutors for the FBI, IRS, DEA, and DOJ on handling electronic evidence — the same type of evidence at the center of most healthcare fraud investigations. He is recognized nationally for his work on white-collar investigations involving the IRS, Homeland Security, and the FBI, serves as the 2024 Co-Chair of the Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association’s Federal Criminal Defense Committee, and is a 2024 Super Lawyers Honoree. He is admitted to practice in Texas, the District of Columbia, the Fifth Circuit, the Northern, Western, and Southern Districts of Texas, and the U.S. Supreme Court.

Trey Keith, Founding Partner, has spent more than 20 years defending clients accused of federal and state crimes, with numerous not-guilty verdicts including in money laundering and financial crime cases.

Hon. E. Scott Frost (Ret.), Of Counsel, brings more than 30 years of federal courtroom experience to every case strategy discussion, having seen how federal healthcare fraud cases are argued and decided from the bench.

Because healthcare fraud is prosecuted under federal law, this experience applies no matter where in the country your investigation is taking place.

Facing a federal healthcare fraud investigation or subpoena? Talk to our attorneys before your next conversation with an investigator.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the penalty for healthcare fraud under federal law?

Under 18 U.S.C. § 1347, a conviction can bring up to 10 years in federal prison per count, rising to 20 years if the offense involves serious bodily injury and up to life imprisonment if a patient’s death is involved. Related charges under the Anti-Kickback Statute carry up to 10 years and fines up to $100,000 per violation. Civil penalties under the False Claims Act can include treble damages and per-claim fines.

Federal healthcare fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1347 is a felony. However, not every billing issue results in criminal charges — many cases are resolved civilly or administratively, depending on the facts and the government’s assessment of intent.

Yes. Coding mistakes, documentation gaps, and outdated compliance training can trigger the same audit flags as intentional fraud. The key legal distinction is whether the government can show knowing and willful conduct, which is why documentation and a clear compliance history matter early in any review.

Do not respond, produce documents, or speak with investigators before consulting a defense attorney. How you respond to the initial request can affect the entire trajectory of the investigation.

No. Retaining counsel early is a standard, expected step for anyone contacted by federal investigators, including healthcare executives, hospital compliance officers, and physicians with no history of wrongdoing.

Many cases resolve through civil settlement, a corporate integrity agreement, a declination, or a negotiated plea, depending on the strength of the evidence and the stage at which an attorney becomes involved. We cannot promise a particular result, but early representation may open options that are not available once charges are filed.

Timelines vary widely. Some audits resolve in a matter of months, while grand jury investigations involving multiple providers or large billing companies can take one to several years before charges are filed or the case is closed.

Healthcare fraud is prosecuted in federal court under federal statutes and involves federal agencies such as the FBI, HHS-OIG, and DOJ. Experience specifically with federal procedure, federal sentencing guidelines, and these agencies’ investigative methods is important when choosing counsel.

If you are dealing with a healthcare fraud investigation anywhere in the country, contact our office for a confidential consultation. Federal law applies nationwide, and so does our experience defending against it.

Facing Federal Scrutiny?

Speak with our federal investigations team confidentially.

24/7 Crisis Line: 325-480-8100

Schedule a Consultation

Engagements nationwide

The Team

Former Federal Officials.
Strategic Crisis Counsel.

Russell Lorfing Headshot

Partner

Russell Lorfing Former Federal Prosecutor

  • Multi-award-winning trial lawyer and former federal prosecutor.
  • Has handled thousands of cases and lead counsel in numerous federal trials.
  • Served as an Assistant United States Attorney in the Northern District of
  • Texas and ran a human trafficking task force on Saipan.
  • Selected for the IRS’ Director’s Award for his prosecutorial accomplishments on financial investigations.
  • Recognized nationally for his work on white-collar investigations, bringing a wealth of experience to every case.

Read Bio

Brandi Young headshot

Partner

Brandi Young Former Federal Prosecutor

  • Retired from the Department of Justice as a career federal prosecutor before joining Keith & Lorfing.
  • Oversaw hundreds of federal investigations and served as lead counsel in over 30 federal jury trials.
  • Served as Supervisory Assistant United States Attorney in the Western District of Texas for nearly a decade.
  • Advises corporations and family offices on mitigation strategy and assists with internal compliance audits.

Read Bio

David Sloan headshot

Partner

David Sloan Former Federal Defender

He put his trial skills to work in the courtroom, prosecuting cases for Ellis County and the District Attorney’s office in Waxahachie. His skills were recognized by the trial lawyers around him, and he went from a misdemeanor prosecutor to lead counsel on murder trials in less than three years.

Read Bio

C Richard Baker headshot

Of Counsel

C. Richard Baker Former Assistant United States Attorney

Over five decades of courtroom and prosecutorial experience, including more than 30 years as an Assistant United States Attorney. A former U.S. Marine Corps officer and Vietnam veteran recognized for his trial experience in high-profile criminal matters. His command of federal criminal procedure gives clients a strategic advantage in grand jury proceedings and serious criminal exposure, with a particular passion for representing veterans.

Read Bio

Scott Frost headshot

Of Counsel

Hon. Scott Frost (Ret.) Former Federal Judge

Keith served as an FBI Special Agent in Lubbock for 27 years, focusing on human trafficking, crimes against children, and terrorism. Known for his collaborative leadership and relentless pursuit of justice, he now brings his expertise to our firm as Special Investigator.

Read Bio

Eric Gerard headshot

Of Counsel

Eric Gerard Former Federal Prosecutor

Keith served as an FBI Special Agent in Lubbock for 27 years, focusing on human trafficking, crimes against children, and terrorism. Known for his collaborative leadership and relentless pursuit of justice, he now brings his expertise to our firm as Special Investigator.

Read Bio

Chris Solid headshot

Of Counsel

Chris Solis Former Federal Prosecutor

Shane Chriesman headshot

Senior Associate

Shane Chriesman Former Federal Prosecutor

Javier Rocha headshot

Strategic Advisor

Javier Rocha Family Office Executive & Attorney

A family office executive and attorney with over a decade leading privately held businesses and executive teams across complex organizations. His career has focused on governance, investments, operations, and long-term stewardship for family office functions involving billions in assets, advising billion-dollar enterprises on internal investigations, investment diligence, and succession planning. Serves as Board of Directors Chairman for Heritage School and Assistant Scoutmaster for Troop 137.

Read Bio

Advisors & Investigators

Strategic Advisors & Federal Investigators

A bench of former federal agents, prosecutors, and senior advisors who provide investigative
depth and strategic counsel on the firm’s most complex matters.

Arthur Gonzales headshot

Strategic Investigator

Arthur Gonzales Former FBI Supervisory Special Agent

Nearly three decades with the FBI in leadership roles spanning counterterrorism, organized crime, and financial crimes. Recognized nationally and internationally for expertise in complex federal investigations, crisis management, and undercover operations, and served as an instructor at the FBI Academy. Provides strategic consulting and investigative support in federal criminal defense and white-collar investigations.

Read Bio

Michael Ornorff headshot

Strategic Investigator

Michael Orndorff Retired FBI Special Agent

Over two decades of federal investigative experience in terrorism, national security threats, and white-collar crime. Served as lead FBI Special Agent in the successful disruption of a terrorist plot involving Khalid Aldawsari, with deep expertise in sensitive investigations, complex evidence, and crisis response. Now advises on federal criminal defense, government investigations, and national security matters.

Read Bio

Travis Thorson headshot

Strategic Investigator

Travis Thorson Retired IRS-CI Special Agent & FBI Task Force Officer

Over two decades of federal investigative experience focused on complex financial crimes, money laundering, and organized criminal enterprises. A former IRS Special Agent whose forensic accounting work was critical in tracing illicit financial activity and building federal prosecutions. Provides strategic consulting for federal criminal defense, forensic accounting, and money laundering investigations.

Read Bio

Keith Quigley headshot

Special Investigator

Keith Quigley Former FBI Special Agent

Keith served as an FBI Special Agent in Lubbock for 27 years, focusing on human trafficking, crimes against children, and terrorism. Known for his collaborative leadership and relentless pursuit of justice, he now brings his expertise to our firm as Special Investigator.

Read Bio

Jennifer Sparks

Strategic Investigator

Jenifer Sparks Retired FBI Special Agent & Certified Profiler

Nearly three decades of FBI experience specializing in violent crime investigations, behavioral analysis, and crimes against children. Served as a Special Agent, Supervisory Special Agent Profiler, and Coordinator of the FBI’s Child Exploitation Task Force. Provides strategic consulting in federal criminal defense, human trafficking investigations, witness credibility assessment, and behavioral analysis.

Read Bio

Jennifer Cejpek headshot

Strategic Investigator

Jennifer Cejpek Former FBI Special Agent & Certified Fraud Examiner

More than two decades of federal investigative and intelligence experience specializing in healthcare fraud, financial crimes, and public corruption. As a former FBI Special Agent, she led complex federal investigations in close coordination with the Department of Justice. Background includes service as an Electronic Warfare and Intelligence Analyst in the U.S. Army and expertise in forensic interviewing. Advises on federal criminal defense, white-collar crime, and compliance matters.

Read Bio

William Luttrell headshot

Strategic Advisor

William Luttrell Financial Analyst & CPA

Financial analyst and Certified Public Accountant advising the firm on complex financial matters, forensic accounting, and the analysis of records central to federal white-collar and financial crime defense.

Read Bio

Recognition

Awards & Honors

Internal Revenue Service

IRS Director’s Award

For prosecutorial accomplishments on financial investigations

National Recognition

Multi-Award-Winning Trial Lawyers

Recognized nationally for white-collar investigations work

U.S. Department of Justice

Career Federal Prosecutors

Decades of distinguished service at the U.S. Department of Justice

Combined Team Experience

More Than 150 Years of Federal Law Enforcement Experience

Combined experience across DOJ, FBI, and the federal bench

Accolades & Accreditations

Client Reviews

What Our Clients Say

  • 5.0
  • Based on 361 verified Google reviews

I had a dear family friend retain Russell behind some very serious criminal charges. Russell listened and maintained contact through the whole process to assure he felt comfortable and in the loop. With Russell’s help, the case/investigation was dismissed and innocence ensured. We are so grateful for Russell’s dedication and professionalism. Would definitely recommend

  • Jaileen Ceballo
  • Google Review

Our personal experience could not have been better. These attorneys worked diligently and stayed in constant contact with us regarding the developments in our case. We always had the final say in any offers made by the prosecution. If I could only say one thing about them it would be “they listen” I always felt that my opinion was heard and considered. We discussed everything good and bad. When a decision was finally agreed on we felt it was the very best and truthfully an almost unbelievable outcome. I never want to find my family in the midst or subject of a criminal case ever again but if it happens my first and only call will be to this law firm. Big thanks to Russell and Chris on a job well done. And the office staff are simply amazing! Always polite, knowledgeable, and professional. Thank you all for treating us as family and working so hard to bring this case to a great conclusion.

  • Kathy Lindley
  • Google Review

I had a legal case that was difficult for me, and Russell Lorfing was very helpful throughout the process, advocating for me and working with me throughout the whole process. He was quite accessible as well whether by phone or email, and his staff was also quite helpful to reach out to. Russell was very systematic in going through the evidence that we had in building a case and gave pragmatic explanations on his views considering all the evidence. He also gave me the confidence several times during the process that the evidence for my case was sufficient in building a strong defense. I appreciate very much that he did not sugarcoat my situation and was patient in addressing concerns I had along the way. I strongly recommend Russell for anyone going through a difficult legal battle.

  • Michael Brown
  • Google Review

Russell was representing another client in federal court and my family saw him in action and we immediately fired our lawyer and hired Russell on the spot. One of the best decisions we’ve ever made. My brother’s case was very serious as he was looking at 40 years Fed for distribution of methamphetamine. Russell is very connected and well respected when it comes to law. He has great history in the courts with judges and prosecutors. Russell will not sell you a dream—he will shoot you straight and will not sugar coat anything. Russell was able to get my brother’s sentence cut in HALF to something way more reasonable.

  • Nick Mendez
  • Google Review

Russell Lorfing is THE guy you hire if you’ve been charged with a federal crime in West Texas. My fiancé was charged with a serious federal charge and we needed an experienced defense lawyer. He is one of the most honest lawyers you will find—he tells you exactly how things are and answers your questions honestly. He was looking at 13+ years, and now is looking at 5 years thanks to Mr. Lorfing, who did not rest until he was able to get him something better.

  • Verified Client
  • Google Review

My son is on State and Federal Parole. He was in a lot of trouble that could have landed him in prison for many years. Russell took my son’s case and has done a great job. Russell was able to get the state charges against my son dismissed—my son was looking at a minimum of twenty-five years. Russell also got my son a great plea deal with my son’s federal case. The Keith & Lorfing team treated us as if we were family. I recommend Keith & Lorfing to everybody.

  • Hazel Jefferson
  • Google Review

My entire experience with Keith and Lorfing has been great. I was facing the possibility of a 15 year MINIMUM sentence. Mr. Lorfing was very honest and made no promises but he reassured me that his main goal was to keep me out of prison. He did just that and I was able to sign for 6 years probation instead. I highly recommend Keith and Lorfing for anyone in need of a confident and experienced defense attorney.

  • Blanca Berumen
  • Google Review

My husband and I had a great experience working with Russell Lorfing. He managed to get my brother-in-law’s federal case dismissed in a short period of time. Mr. Lorfing is caring and is in constant contact with you and your family. He is a great federal defense lawyer. He is highly recommended!

  • Yoleny Palacios
  • Google Review

I wanted to express my deepest gratitude for the incredible support and expertise you provided to my family member. Your dedication and hard work made a world of difference during a challenging time. Thank you for going above and beyond to ensure the best possible outcome. We will strongly encourage anyone that is experiencing any case to consider Russell Lorfing Esq. to represent them.

  • Adrienne Holmes
  • Google Review

At the first of our situation we were scared and didn’t know where to begin. My wife made a phone call to Keith & Lorfing just to see where to begin—turned out to be the best decision! Russell and Chris from Keith & Lorfing were absolute professionals. They were the smartest and most prepared in the courtroom. Extremely impressed! They gave us our life back and could not thank them enough for what they did!

  • Aaron Wood
  • Google Review

I had the privilege of working with Keith and Lorfing for my criminal defense case, and I cannot recommend them highly enough. From the initial consultation to the courtroom proceedings, Keith and Lorfing demonstrated a deep understanding of the law and a commitment to protecting my rights. Thanks to their diligent efforts and sharp legal acumen, they successfully navigated the complexities of my case and ultimately secured a dismissal.

  • Adrien Strahan
  • Google Review

Russell was recommended to me by several people and we are so lucky to have found him! He was able to get a potential 7 year sentence down to only 9 months. Not to mention he and everyone at the law firm was so kind and helpful. It felt more like a family than a law firm. Would recommend to anyone who is in a tough spot.

  • Georgia Fuller
  • Google Review

A referral that I am very glad I was given. Not only did he meet the expectations I had heard from the referral, but exceeded them beyond measure. The process was simple and I was very comfortable and confident throughout. Mr. Lorfing and his associates are amazing and helpful. 10/10 recommended for their honesty and assistance.

  • Matthew Godinez
  • Google Review

Absolutely the best lawyer and staff I’ve ever met. He was more concerned with telling me the facts of where I stood legally than taking my case just for his financial gain. If I ever need any more legal help, I will go to their firm.

  • Kris Knight
  • Google Review

I am truly thankful for all you have done for me and my case. My family and I greatly appreciate everything you have done. I am greatly and truly impressed with the outcome. You were great at getting the answers for any question I had and explaining what everything meant. You are very outstanding and have done an amazing job. Thank you so much Russell!

  • Amy Rodriguez
  • Google Review

Russell did an amazing job. My case truly was a hail Mary. Lots of threading the needle and moving parts was an understatement. It’s a true testament that if someone wants to really change and will help him help themselves, he can and will.

  • Andy Dunlap
  • Google Review

Russell was an incredible advocate for my family. He regularly communicated with us and made us feel like we were his priority. My brother was looking at a mandatory minimum ten years in federal prison with a maximum possible sentence of life. He ended up pleading to a much less serious crime and serving less than a year. If you’ve been charged with a federal crime in West Texas, Russell Lorfing is THE ATTORNEY you hire.

  • Willie Kershaw
  • Google Review

After I was initially charged, I was swimming in a pool of despair. After my initial intake appointment there was a welcoming presence and a pedigree of honesty with my circumstances. Nothing was sugarcoated but they never made me feel like what I wanted was out of question. I couldn’t be more thrilled about the outcome—Keith literally reached into the depths of the justice system and pulled me out untarnished.

  • Williwill777
  • Google Review

Thank you Mr. Lorfing for your work getting my family member’s Federal MTR Dismissed. We know the time crunch made communication difficult so a special shout out to his legal assistant Wendi as well for getting back with me and reassuring our family things were getting done behind the scenes. We couldn’t have asked for a better outcome.

  • Brooklyn Martinez
  • Google Review

Mr. Lorfing is AMAZING! He is truly a miracle worker! My brother got into deep trouble, so we contacted the best lawyer to represent him. While most lawyers bring up payment options first, he listened to our story first. Mr. Lorfing resolved it before it got way worse and treated us like family. The Lorfing Law Firm is the way to go. He saved my brother and saved my family from heartaches.

  • MJ D
  • Google Review

Mr. Lorfing is different. He really cares about justice being served. He did a wonderful job with my son as his client. Mr. Lorfing doesn’t accept the usual outcomes of a case. He delves into all possibilities and outcomes for his clients and puts forth great effort when representing his clients. He is a very good lawyer.

  • Tammy Foster
  • Google Review

I had a complicated case and this man really did his job—and did it in no time. I’m so happy with his professionalism and empathy towards me. He really had my back. Thank you Mr. Lorfing.

  • Amy Kilough
  • Google Review
Read All 22 Reviews

Confidential Consultation

Facing Federal Scrutiny? Act Early.

Early strategic intervention can significantly impact the course of a federal investigation. Contact our investigations team for a confidential consultation.

24/7 325-480-8100
Schedule a Consultation